Cirrus@Austlit

'For six decades in the second half of the twentieth century, Ruth Park published her fiction and non-fiction frequently, locally, and internationally. Park’s connections with America were maintained throughout her career as she or her overseas representatives sought the best available outcome for the literary property they had for sale. The story of Ruth Park’s American career is one strand among many stories that can be traced in the complicated field of individuals and institutions that combine to provide the space in which authors reach readers beyond national boundaries through the publication of their work in book form, serialisation, translation or adaptation. Foregrounding the American side of this story illuminates the trajectories that any one Australian work might take before it is found in the hands of American readers, helping us to better understand what we talk about when we talk about Australian books, especially if those books are American ones.'  (Publication abstract)

'Periodicals of all formats provide insight into the times in which they were produced. This is especially so for long-lived periodicals with similarly long-lived editors whose influence reaches well beyond their editorial desk and into the culture they are compelled to transform. The periodicals shelves of our libraries provide a quiet space in which the long runs of Meanjin and Overland can be found in their physical form, sometimes facing each other across the aisle, or sometimes closer together in smaller libraries like mine. But this silence belies the dynamic and sometimes uncomfortable processes that preceded each issue. Through close personal connections to these processes and supported by a wealth of archival evidence, Jim Davidson’s Emperors in Lilliput brings these two magazines and their founding editors to life in vivid detail.' (Introduction)

'During R. G. Campbell’s 30-year tenure as editor of the Australian Journal (1926–1955), he drew on the work of many freelance writers and artists. This article identifies some of the major contributors of cover art and illustrations published during Campbell’s editorship of the Australian Journal to provide an expanded view of the cultural networks that converged in the pages of the magazine. Drawing on Campbell’s advice published in The Australian Writers and Artists' Market, along with his reflections in unpublished autobiographical notes, the article reveals the magazine’s intersections with the commercial and fine art world, particularly the networks of commercial artists who honed their skills in Melbourne’s art schools and artists’ studios during the early to middle decades of the 20th century. Combined with previous research on writers of the popular short story, this article demonstrates the significant position that R. G. Campbell and his Australian Journal claimed in mid-20th-century Australian print culture, and it encourages further research into the large network of freelance writers and artists that radiated from the magazine’s Swanston Street offices.'(Publication abstract)

'Since its publication in 1903, Joseph Furphy’s Such is Life has become established as an Australian classic. But which version of the novel is the authoritative text, and what does its history reveal about Australian cultural life?

'From Furphy’s handwritten manuscript through numerous editions, a controversial abridgement for the British market (condemned by A.D. Hope as a “mutilation”), and periods of obscurity and rediscovery, the text has been reshaped and repackaged by many hands. Furphy’s first editors at the Bulletin diluted his socialist message and "corrected" his Australian slang to create a more marketable book. Later, literary players including Vance and Nettie Palmer, Miles Franklin, Kate Baker and Angus & Robertson all took an interest in how Furphy’s work should be published.

'In a fascinating piece of literary detective work, Osborne traces the book’s journey and shows how economic and cultural forces helped to shape the novel we read today.'

Source: Publisher's blurb.

'This article investigates the publication of Australian authors of “good commercial fiction” in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. When the early careers of Morris West, Jon Cleary, and George Johnston are traced through their association with William Morrow and Company, the importance to these careers of publishers, editors, literary agents, and other stakeholders becomes apparent. Each author built a substantial career of largely successful fiction over successive titles with the ongoing support of Morrow as publisher, plus key links with editors and literary agents. For West and Cleary in particular, the United States became a primary place of publication and editorial advice across these decades. While the good commercial fiction of these authors is rarely acknowledged in Australian literary history, their position within the field of book history and print culture clearly shows how important these examples are to understanding the dynamics of transnational print culture and its significant effect on the ways in which Australian novels were commissioned, edited, published, and reviewed, particularly in the United States. Revealed in correspondence and other publishing records, the often complex negotiations required to transform an Australian novel into a US book exhibit the cultural and commercial contingencies experienced throughout an author’s career, demonstrating that good commercial fiction provides a rich field of inquiry to expand and complicate our ideas of Australian authorship.' (Publication abstract)

'In the years after 1 January 1901, when ideas of a new Australian civilisation began to emerge in the wake of Federation, two novels emerged from the 1890s to become touchstones for future discussions of Australian literature and Australian literary culture: Miles Franklin’s My Brilliant Career (1901) and Joseph Furphy’s Such Is Life (1903). These novels represent the final moments in a long chain of events that occurred within a complex and dynamic network of individuals and institutions, all claiming some stake, small or large, in the expression and critique of Australian identity at the turn of the twentieth century. By focussing on the process of literary production rather than the product, this chapter aims to draw further attention to the evidence of multiple authorship in Australia’s literary history in order to encourage new readings of the textual, material, and cultural lives of literary works.'

Source: Abstract

'When Joseph Furphy responded to editorial pressure from the Bulletin Publishing Company to shorten Such is Life to expedite publication, he did so by removing two chapters from the 1898 typescript version and replacing them with much shorter ones. The two chapters he removed took on a life of their own when he revised and expanded them to become The Buln-Buln and the Brolga and Rigby's Romance. To date, little is known about the textual and publication history of these novels. To address this gap, this article examines the textual history of Rigby’s Romance, detailing its publication as a serial in Broken Hill’s Barrier Truth, its abridgement published in 1921, and the publication of the unabridged version in 1946. The article argues that, in order to best understand the legacy of Joseph Furphy and his work, any reading of Rigby's Romance and, by association, Such is Life, must engage with the ways in which the versions of the work are entangled in the lives of editors, publishers, critics and general readers.'

'When the abridged English edition of Joseph Furphy’s Such is Life appeared on the shelves of Australian booksellers in the middle of 1937, many of Australia’s most prominent cultural nationalists directed their outrage at the editor, Vance Palmer. First published in 1903 by the Bulletin Newspaper Company, Such is Life was out-of-print and largely neglected when the London publisher Jonathan Cape arranged for the abridgement. David Walker has shown that the abridgment was actually the work of literary critic Nettie Palmer, Vance Palmer’s wife, ably assisted by their daughter, Aileen, and Walker also outlines the most vociferous examples of cultural outrage, but what the Palmers actually did to the novel has not been examined in any detail. This paper builds on Walker’s research to look more closely at the circumstances of the abridgement, and what the Palmers actually did within a much longer history of composition, revision, and publication that culminated in Angus and Robertson’s unabridged edition published in 1944. Rather than rejecting the abridgement as an outrageous example of cultural destruction, I argue that it is, instead, an important event within the life of the work we know as Such is Life; a resuscitation, if you like, and, therefore, worthy of closer examination in both aesthetic and cultural terms. (Publication abstract)

'The eTropic special issue on the theme Tropical Gothic was first conceived in 2017. From the beginning there was a sense of how the theme had a certain resonance. By 2018, the term had appeared as a hashtag in social media for new music album entitled Tropical Gothic.

'These resonances are important as they reveal the build up of an idea at a particular time. This paper follows a rhizomatic path as it traces Tropical Gothic through the creative works of a music album, its cover art, and further to other influences including film and literature.

'These literary and creative works likewise resonate with the papers brought together in this second issue on the theme Tropical Gothic.' (Publication abstract) 

'This is the second published collection of the two-part special issue on the theme Tropical Gothic. While the first issue provided a space for reflection upon the unique social, historical, political, cultural and environmental conditions of the tropics; this second issue demonstrates how creative writers and artists have a particular role to play in such reflections, through producing the cultural artefacts for the contemplation of others, or by contributing to such debates as creative practitioners and critics. The papers concentrate on Tropical Gothic literary and creative works from South and Southeast Asia and Tropical Australia.' (Publication introduction)

'Across the century or so covered by this book, Australian novels were a consistent presence in the American marketplace even while their numbers in any particular year or publishing season were never large. Most of the novelists who would become defining, canonical figures in the articulation of an Australian literary tradition over the course of the twentieth century were published in the United States, their standing as serious authors and in certain cases as major contributors to English fiction acknowledged by American publishers, reviewers and critics (not least in their roles as book club judges). Many Australian authors also participated in and profited from the burgeoning markets on both sides of the Atlantic for light fiction or genre fiction, sometimes with careers as good-selling novelists over several decades, their books reviewed widely and favourably in the weekly book pages. Less predictably, our research has revealed a dense undergrowth of writers with more modest reputations or less obvious claims on Australian literature who were published and found different kinds of success in America. A large and diverse range of authors, as we have shown, had a small number of titles published by mainstream houses, reviewed at least briefly in the major book papers, and sometimes noticed in the bookstores - a sequence of modest successes or perhaps more commonly one big success followed by a series of "disappointments". If they made no lasting impression in the American marketplace and contributed little, if anything, to American readers' sense of Australian literature, they might nonetheless have made a small return on the publisher's investment and some additional earnings for the author. In short, these works inhabited the mainstream commercial world of books, so often characterised by the short life span of individual titles and reputations, and the small number of genuinely bestselling books. Nonetheless, it is with these ordinary mid-range titles no less than the major literary works or popular bestsellers that we see literary transnationalism in operation - a function of publishers' interests and investments as much as a specifically textual or authorial capacity, manifested in new editions as much as in new texts.'   (Introduction)

'Previous chapters have demonstrated the presence of Australian novels in American print culture from the small-scale, low -key importation of British sheets for rebinding and local distribution, to the large-scale manufacture of copyrighted American editions, extended by book club circulation or reprints, sometimes with sales of hundreds of thousands of copies. Over time, Australian authors contributed to a wide variety of markets: nineteenth-century romance and pioneering narratives; a genre system that sought tales of detection, sensation, and romantic love; and more serious fare in the form of historical sagas that were taken as a sign of the emergence of a distinct and distinguished national literature. With writers such as Henry Handel Richardson, Eleanor Dark, Christina Stead and Patrick White, certain Australian novels could occasionally find a more prominent and recognisable place in the conversations of New York's book culture.' (Introduction)

'Widely regarded as the two most important Australian writers of the twentieth century, certainly of its middle decades, the literary careers of Christina Stead and Patrick White were fundamentally shaped by the authors' American experience and more particularly by their contacts with New York publishing. Both were networked into the New York book world in ways that are rare among our examples although they recall W.W. Norton's support for Henry Handel Richardson; and, like Richardson, both for a time became part of contemporary American book talk on the state of the modern novel. Major figures in the New York book world including Clifton Fadiman, Max Schuster and Stanley Burnshaw were closely engaged in Stead's career, while Ben W. Huebsch of the Viking Press and then his successor Marshall Best were White's primary contacts in the publishing world, and much more than that in Huebsch's case. Some key reviews in the American papers, such as those by James Stern in the New York Times, were critical for White's sense that the "right readers" could be found for his challenging novels. For both authors, America was more than just a supplementary market. Stead, on the ground in New York and absorbed in its cultural politics and intellectual networks, came close to being read as an "American writer". White, by contrast, maintained his New York connections largely from a distance. Triangulated between English, American and Australian literary cultures, their writing had multiple homes but also a sense of homelessness, of not belonging easily to any single place or time. If this gave their fiction an unusual power, it also made it difficult for them to be assimilated into an evolving American or international modern tradition. In Pascale Casanova's words, "to be decreed 'modern' is one of the most difficult forms of recognition for writers outside the centre".'  (Introduction)

The previous chapter revealed how, in the early 1930s, Norton's publication of Henry Handel Richardson s Ultima Thule and the Fortunes of Richard Mahony trilogy brought Australia and its literature "deep into the consciousness of reading America' The impact of Richardson's novels was strengthened by the appearance of Katharine Susannah Prichard's Coonardoo in 1930 from the same publisher. Richardson's and Prichard's novels were in fact part of a longer sequence of ambitious Australian works published in the United States from the late 1920s to the mid 1940s. In contrast to the decline in the number of Australian novels published in America across the first three decades of the twentieth century, at the very end of the 1920s we begin to see a cluster of substantial novels appearing together - and being brought together by reviewers. Fiction publishing in general in the United States grew rapidly from a low point in 1919 to a peak in 1929; the number of titles dipped slightly through the Depression years but high levels continued until the early forties. Against this background, the pattern of publication and increased receptivity for Australian novels was sustained until the mid-forties, but with little continuity into the postwar years when many writers had, in effect, to begin again in establishing the viability of Australian work in the American marketplace. There is, then, a relatively discrete historical trajectory across the two decades from the late twenties, emerging from almost nothing and collapsing in the later forties as both cultural and industrial circumstances change.' (Introduction)

'From the late 1920s to the early 1940s, American reviewers were often compelled to remark on the increasing presence of Australian books and authors in the American marketplace. The publication in short succession of Henry Handel Richardson's The Fortunes of Richard Mahony trilogy (1929-30) and Katharine Susannah Prichard's Working Bullocks (1927) and Coonardoo (1930) appeared to announce Australia's literary coming of age: "Australia at last seems to have become articulate, when in so short a space of time it can produce such books as Henry Handel Richardson's Ultima Thule, Miss Prichard's own Working Bullocks and this fine story of white codes and primitive codes mixed and never fusing [Coonardoo]"; "Australia is taking her place as an important contributor to English letters ... It is no longer possible to ignore that country's claim to a definite attention") By comparison to the authors discussed in the previous chapter, Richardson and Prichard together could draw attention, not just to individual hooks by Australian authors, but to works of literature about Australia and hence to the idea of Australian literature itself. As one US reviewer put it, Ultima Thule had "brought the Australian country into the deep consciousness of reading America" and Coonardoo promised to do the same. Another concluded that "those who maintain that no literature comes out of Australia are beginning to revise their opinions as each new book is announced by Henry Handel Richardson, Katherine Susannah Pritchard [sic] and Dorothy Cottrel [sic]".' (Introduction)

'On both sides of the Atlantic, the years between the two world wars witnessed the consolidation of the crime fiction genre, especially "golden age" murder mysteries and detection puzzles, and also the rise of women's romance fiction as a distinct market segment, in Britain in the late 1920s and in the United States across the following decade. Although both forms had much older precedents, together they helped constitute the booming field of " light fiction" in the interwar years. Understood as distinct from the cheapest forms of pulp, light fiction was identified as a discrete field within the mainstream of commercial fiction publishing. This new awareness can be seen in the fact that uses of the term alight fiction" in the New York Times increased from twenty-six in the 1910s to fifty-six in the 1920s and in the 1930s, after which they tapered off again. Further, in January 1934, the Times began a special reviews section, "Fiction in Lighter Vein", where romance tides were reviewed by regulars such as Beatrice Sherman; and in the same period the Saturday Review of Literature launched "Over the Counter: the Saturday Review's Guide to Romance and Adventure", a weekly chart containing one-line reviews of romances, westerns and other popular genres. It matched the paper's similar guide to detective fiction, "The Criminal Record".'  (Introduction)