A poem that represents the history of Poland from (mediaeval) 'pagan' times to the present through a brief list of historically significant periods or objects, such as 'Matka Boska Częstochowska' (the icon of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa, symbol of resistance to foreign invasions), 'okupacja hitlerowska' (the Nazi occupation), 'mapa Europy' (the map of Europe), and 'komunistyczna Polska' (Communist Poland).