While modern French science fiction, and arguably science fiction as a whole, begins with Jules Verne in the 1860s and 1880, the advent of World War I led to a sharp decline in the writing and publishing of French works. It was not until the early 1950s that the French writers began to explore the genre again, but much of what they wrote was overtly pessimistic about the future of humanity. The 1950s and 1960s therefore saw English-language (and particularly American) science fiction dominating the attention of French readers. The first genre magazine to begin publishing in French was Fiction (aka Fiction : Fantastique Science Fiction) which initially published translated issues of the US Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction.