'John Wallace Metcalf (1901-1982) had a profound influence on the course of Australian library history, playing a major part in the establishment of the Australian Institute of Librarians (later the Library Association of Australia), working for the development of free public libraries, leading education for librarianship in Australia for over thirty years and making a significant contribution to the theory and practice of librarianship. Metcalfe's extensive published works, reminiscences, interviews, surviving manuscripts and diaries may tend to perpetuate a dominant Metcalfe view of Australian library history, but Metcalfe himself acknowledged that his interpretations could never be impartial. This paper focuses on the controversy, fuelled by Metcalfe, surrounding the role of the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) in library development in Australia and shows how he sought to correct the record and provide raw material for future historians, in the process presenting a frankly biased and impressionistic account.' (Author's abstract)