Coetzee's fiction 'calls into question [the] longstanding cultural assumption of human superiority [over animals]. His novels Disgrace and Elizabeth Costello, in particular, foreground philosophical arguments about animals. ... This essay will not address these philosophical questions directly, although the suggestion that animals present a challenge to the assumption of human superiority is implicit in some of its arguments. Its focus is the rhetorical and symbolic function of animals in Coetzee's fiction.' (61)