In this paper Mills considers 'the trilogy's fondness for anal jokes and bums from three perspectives, those of Mikhail Bakhtin, Julia Kristeva and Sigmund Freud' (78). While the texts comply with Kristeva's concept of abjection and Bakhtin's notion of the carnivalesque to a certain extent, it is Freud's theory of childhood psychosexual development that Mills finds is the most useful. She tracks the stages of Freud's Oedipal complex through the trilogy and based upon her analysis of 'the bum fighting adventures of Zack and his allies' (81), concludes that 'behind the bum adventures lies a far more terrifying psychological terrain' (84).