Gill is concerned with the representation of teenage fatherhood in western contemporary children's fiction and critiques a number of non-Australian texts as well as Mahalia, by Australian author Joanne Horniman (2001). In relation to the idea of compulsory heterosexuality and the performance of masculinity, Gill argues that there is a distinct lack of attention in texts regarding the representation of teenage fatherhood which is seen as essentially problematic. This is mainly due, says Gill, to assumptions regarding 'normative' fatherhood whereby fathers are expected to provide emotional and financial support to their children. After analysing a number of texts, Gill concludes that (with the exception of one), all the novels 'challenge socially constructed stereotypes which suggest that teenage fathers as a group belong to an underclass with low education achievement' and they do this by representing their situations as difficult and unique with the possibility of different outcomes and resolutions (p.49).