Author's abstract: Since the late 1980s, a steady output of life-writing has emerged from Australia's Aboriginal community. This paper - intended as an introduction to subsequent studies of particular texts - examines the socio-historic background to this literary phenomenon. It argues that the so-called 'autobiographical' writing produced by Aboriginal authors is, in fact, a form of autoethnography - an important counter-discourse to the systematic mis-representation of Aborigines that whites have used to justify their su/o-ppression of Australia's indigenous peoples.