Cirrus@Austlit

In December 1903, Arthur Hoey Davis published the first issue of Steele Rudd's Magazine, beginning a long period as proprietor of several series of Steele Rudd magazines. Davis was widely known as Steele Rudd, the author of On Our Selection (1899) and Our New Selection (1903). Many of the stories contained in these volumes had been published previously in the Bulletin, providing Davis with a wide readership.

Offered to readers 'in the interests of Australian Literature and Art', the magazine promised 'to fill its pages with nothing but first-class work both as regards writing and drawing.' In addition to many stories by Steele Rudd, writers such as Joseph Furphy, Mary Gilmore, George Essex Evans and Victor Daley contributed stories and poetry. Ashton Murphy was announced as the primary cartoonist in the first issue, but Davis attracted contributions from many other visual artists including Norman, Lionel and Ruby Lindsay, George Taylor, Ruth Simpson and Arthur Hingston. Not entirely made up of literary content, the magazine also published articles on sport, fashion and the theatre.

The magazine had a significant rural bias, signalled immediately by its many advertisements for farm and domestic equipment. Published in Brisbane for Steele Rudd & Co., the magazine attracted many local advertisers and a number from Toowoomba near where many of Rudd's stories are set. In later issues, characters from Rudd's stories appeared in advertisements for farm equipment.

Like the Bulletin, Steele Rudd's Magazine encouraged contributions from readers, printing many in the 'Out-back Realities' section. Steele Rudd also wrote a 'Correspondence Column', responding to contributions with witty advice and caustic rejections in the manner of the Bulletin.

Davis was one of the few writers in the early 1900s who made a significant income from his writing. But overspending and poor business investments brought financial trouble. In 1905 Davis sold Steele Rudd's Magazine to J. F. Millington who then acted as editor. But by January 1906, Davis had bought back his interest in the magazine, apologizing in the January issue for the editorial policies of the previous eight months.

Steele Rudd's Magazine survived for another eighteen months. In February 1907 Davis moved to Sydney, conducting his editorial duties from there. But, despite the financial stability of the magazine, Davis was not satisfied with the salary he was drawing for the time and energy he provided. His solution was to cease publication. The last issue of Steele Rudd's Magazine appeared mid-year and Davis had returned to Brisbane by November. This was not, however, the end of Davis's career as a magazine proprietor. He revived the magazine several times during the next twenty years under variant titles, but consistently encountered financial difficulty.

When Arthur Hoey Davis (Steele Rudd) returned to Brisbane from Sydney in November 1907, he had recently ceased production of Steele Rudd's Magazine. The magazine appeared monthly between December 1903 and July 1907, bringing a modest profit, but Davis, tired of of the small return he received, decided to concentrate on his own writing. This, however, was not the end of Davis's life as a magazine proprietor. Ten years later with the help of Ashton Murphy, he revived the magazine as an annual publication.

The first issue of Steel Rudd's Annual appeared in December 1917. The editorial announced that the magazine 'will take a leading hand in featuring the love, the loyalty, the literature and art of Australia, and be a boon, a blessing and a joy for ever in the land.' Maintaining the rural focus of the earlier series, the annual continued to advertise farm equipment and other domestic products.

In addition to the serialisation of Steele Rudd's Some Memoirs of Corporal Keely, other contributors included Will Ogilvie and David McKee Wright. Artists appearing in this first issue included A. J. Hingston, Ruby Lindsay and Ambrose Dyson. In later issues, regular contributors included Edward Dyson, E. L. Anderson, Ashton Murphy and Mabel Forrest.

Most of the prose, poetry and art work exhibited the rural bias of the magazine, supporting Davis's belief in the nobility and reward that came from living on the land. This theme is most evident in the first issue where the opening article addresses the problem of compensating soldiers returning from the First World War. By stressing the benefits of the land settlement plan proposed by the Queensland Government, the article began a sustained promotion in Steel Rudd's Annual of settlement in rural Queensland. Among other articles on settlement in Queensland, the success of the land settlement plan was described four years later in the article 'Empire Defenders and Builders.'

The December issue of 1922 announced the formation of The Queensland Magazine Co. Ltd for the purpose of printing and publishing a new monthly magazine. This issue was to be the final Steele Rudd's Annual. It was replaced in April 1923 with the first issue of Steele Rudd's Monthly.

From 1903-1907 and 1917-1922, Arthur Hoey Davis (Steele Rudd) was proprietor of a monthly and, later, an annual magazine. In 1923 he returned to the monthly format, replacing Steele Rudd's Annual with the first issue of Steele Rudd's Monthly in April of that year.

The editorial for this first issue proclaimed, 'It is essentially a Queensland publication, conducted, printed, and published by Queenslanders, and enriched by the brains and enthusiasm of leading writers and artists, representing every State in the Commonwealth.' The new magazine retained the format of the previous annual and used many of the writers and artists familiar to readers from the previous series. Regular contributors included Mabel Forrest, Edward Dyson, H. E. Riemann and Margaret Leicester. The rural bias was maintained in articles, prose and poetry, and the promotion of Queensland as a place of settlement also appeared in advertisements and feature articles. Davis continued to encourage contributions from readers with one-page advertisements entitled 'Develop Your Brain'. He responded to hopeful contributors in his correspondence column.

Davis appointed his close friend, Winifred Hamilton, as sub-editor. Both contributed stories, articles and reviews to the magazine. Hamilton, writing under her own name and the pseudonym 'Callisto', contributed articles attacking the sexism of the time. The polemic tone of some of these articles was lightened by editorial interjections from Davis and comic portrayals of his threatened partriarchy in the 'Editorial Smoke Room'. Nevertheless, Hamilton's contributions gave the new monthly magazine a different character than previous manifestations of Steele Rudd's.

Despite the title, Steele Rudd's Monthly did not always appear on a monthly basis and some issues dispensed with the last word. By early 1925 the magazine was in financial trouble and Davis responded by closing the business and moving to Sydney. The last issue of Steele Rudd's Monthly appeared in February 1925, but Davis briefly revived the magazine in Sydney with the support of the Australian Worker's Union, giving it the new title, Steele Rudd and Shop Assistants' Magazine.

Steele Rudd and Shop Assistants' Magazine was Arthur Hoey Davis' fourth stint as proprietor of a magazine that displayed his pseudonym in the title. Moving to Sydney a year after the closure of Steele Rudd's Monthly in February 1925, Davis secured the support of the Australian Workers' Union for his new magazine. But the socialist connections and related content in the magazine deterred many booksellers from ordering the magazine. In addition to the socialist focus, Davis and his companion Winifred Hamilton also contributed articles and stories. Hamilton wrote under the pen-name 'Callisto' and Davis published a serialisation of The Romance of Runnibede, using the magazine to advertise the upcoming film version of the novel.

Like Davis' other forays into magazine publication, Steele Rudd and Shop Assistants' Magazine ran into financial difficulty. Although the magazine was a less expensive production than previous manifestations, it failed to assert its place in the magazine market. The magazine folded during 1927 and the Australian Workers's Union later sued for unpaid printing bills.