Educated at the University of Melbourne, Blainey is known as one of Australia's most significant and popular historians. His well-known books include The Tyranny of Distance (1966), Triumph of the Nomads (1975), A Shorter History of Australia (1994), Black Kettle and Full Moon (2003), A Short History of the World (2000), A Short History of the 20th Century (2005) and A Short History of Christianity (2011).
Professor Blainey held chairs in economic history and then in plain history at the University of Melbourne for many years, and for some of those years he chaired the Australia Council. He has served on many Commonwealth government agencies, including the Australian War Memorial, the Literature Board, the Australian Heritage Commission and the Australia-China Council. After his retirement he became a regular contributor to the Australian and Melbourne's Herald-Sun.
Professor Blainey was awarded the Order of Australia in 1975, and is one of the few Australians whose biography appears in Encyclopaedia Britannica. In 2012, his A Short History of Christianity was shortlisted in the Non-Fiction category of the Prime Minister's Literary Awards and was the second placegetter in the Australian Christian Book of the Year Award.