Joanne Burns graduated in 1966 from the University of Sydney, and became a teacher of English and creative writing in schools and tertiary institutions. Between 1970 and 1972 she lived and worked in London as a teacher.
Burns's first poetry collection Snatch (1972) was published in London by Strange Faeces Press and since then she has published many collections. She was well known for her performances in the early 1970s where her work was performed with a feminist theatre group, the Lean Sisters. Burns travelled in Europe and Asia and in 1985 was a member of the Four Australian Poets reading group that toured in the United States and Canada.
Burns has taught creative writing for many years in schools, tertiary institutions and in the community. She has been a tutor/lecturer in the Five Islands New Poets residential workshops at University of Wollongong (1998-2001). She has published in a number of genres, including poetry, short fictions and dramatic monologues, a number of which have been produced for theatre and by ABC Radio. The title piece from Blowing Bubbles in the 7th Lane has also been produced by ABC Radio National. She has also written a book of children's stories. In 1996, she was the recipient of an Australia Council Writer's fellowship.
Her work has been widely published and she has contributed poetry to many journals, such as Overland, Meanjin, Cordite, Island and Blue Dog. In 2016, her collection Brush won the Kenneth Slessor Award at the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, an award for which she was previously shortlisted for An Illustrated History of Dairies (published 2007, shortlisted 2008).