Janette Turner Hospital left Melbourne in 1950 when her family moved to Brisbane. Here she was educated at state schools and the University of Queensland, completing a Bachelor of Arts in 1965. She taught for some time in North Queensland, then, after marrying Clifford Hospital, a Methodist minister, she spent two years in Boston, USA, where her husband completed a PhD at Harvard University and she cared for their children while working at the university library. In 1971 they moved to Ontario, Canada, where Hospital completed an MA in medieval literature and taught at schools, penitentiaries, colleges and Queen's University.
In 1978 Hospital published her first short story in the Atlantic Monthly. Four years later she was awarded first prize for magazine fiction from the Foundation for the Advancement of Canadian Letters, and her first novel, The Ivory Swing, won the prestigious Canadian Seal Award. Since then, her work has attracted a number of Canadian and Australian prizes. Hospital has been writer-in-residence at many universities in Australia, the USA and Canada. In 1999, she was invited to the University of South Carolina to take up a Chair as Carolina Distinguished Professor of English. Hospital was awarded an honorary doctorate from The University of Queensland in 2003.
Hospital's frequent geographical and cultural movements have influenced much of her fiction. This is often seen in the variety of dislocations experienced by her characters, especially the struggle of women to move within and between social, cultural and religious environments. These themes are often explored with post-modern narrative devices, emphasising the indeterminacy experienced in contemporary life. The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature asserts that many of her short stories 'reflect on incorrigible human predatoriness which frequently selects women as its victims, although ... her characters often show a resilient or stoic strength which redeems the otherwise bleak vision'.