Barry Hill grew up in a politically active Melbourne household. He became a graduate of the University of Melbourne completing a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree, a Bachelor of Education (BEd) degree and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree at that institution. He has worked as a journalist, teacher, and psychologist. He lived for a time in London where he worked as an educational psychologist, completed a Master of Arts (MA) degree, and joined the staff of the Times Educational Supplement. He returned to Melbourne in 1972 to become founding Education Editor for the Age.
Hill turned to writing full-time in 1975, and has produced collections of short stories, award-winning poetry, and novels. He has contributed poetry to anthologies and has been published in several Australian and international literary magazines and journals.
His fictional work often crosses generic categories and explores such themes as Australia's convict past, sexual taboos and family relationships, the nature of reality and the blurred distinction between fact and fiction. Hill frequently delves into the psyches of his multiple characters, mapping the various stages on their journeys of personal discovery in prose which has been described by critics as 'polished' and 'spare'.
He served as Poetry Editor for the Australian from 1998 until 2008. He was appointed a Post-Doctoral Fellow with the Department of English at the University of Melbourne in 2005 and was made an Honorary Fellow at the Australian Centre at the University of Melbourne.
Hill was selected as winner of the Victorian Community History Awards - Best Print/Publication in 2005 and was a finalist in the 2009 Melbourne Prize for Literature. His works have been widely awarded, including the Victorian Premier's Literary Award (twice), the NSW Premier's Literary Awards (twice for non-fiction, once for literary scholarship), and the National Biography Award. He has also served as judge for the Philip Hodgins Memorial Medal.
In 2018, he was based in Queenscliff.