Melina Marchetta was born in Sydney and left school after grade ten to work for a major Australian bank. She later worked as a consultant for a travel company and travelled to England, China, the (then) Soviet Union, and the United States of America. She then completed a teaching degree and went on to teach at a Roman Catholic high school.
While working as a bank officer, Marchetta began writing the novel Looking for Alibrandi (1992), a story of a third-generation Italian-Australian schoolgirl who experiences love, death, and the secrets of her family's past. In 1993, this novel was shortlisted for the New South Wales and South Australian State Literature Awards, and won the Children's Book Council Book of the Year Award (Book of the Year: Older Readers).
Marchetta was asked to develop a screenplay, and the resultant film, Looking for Alibrandi (1999), also won a number of awards, including both AFI Awards and FCCA Awards for best adapted screenplay and an AFI Award for Best Film.
Marchetta followed Looking for Alibrandi with Saving Francesca (2003), which won her a second Children's Book Council Book of the Year Award (Book of the Year: Older Readers), and On the Jellicoe Road (2006), which won her a Michael L. Printz Award for Excellence in Young Adult Literature in 2009, and was shortlisted for both an Australian Book Industry Award (Australian Book of the Year for Older Children) and the Queensland Premier's Literary Awards (Best Young Adult Book).
In 2010, she published an 'accompanying novel' to Saving Francesca: The Piper's Son, told through the eyes of another character from Saving Francesca. The Piper's Son was shortlisted for the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards (Ethel Turner Prize), the Children's Book Council Book of the Year Award (Book of the Year: Older Readers), the Prime Minister's Literary Awards (Young Adult's Fiction), and the Queensland Premier's Literary Awards (Best Young Adult Book), and longlisted for the Miles Franklin Award.
In 2008, she began publishing her fantasy trilogy The Lumatere Chronicles: Finnikin of the Rock, Froi of the Exiles, and Quintana of Charyn. The first volume in this trilogy brought Marchetta her first Aurealis Award for Excellence in Australian Speculative Fiction (Young Adult Division — Best Novel).
Though Marchetta has written little in the way of film and television scripts since Looking for Alibrandi, she did contribute an episode to season two of the ABC's multi award-winning children's series Dance Academy.
She also wrote the introduction to the Text Publishing 2013 edition of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and has published short stories, essays, reviews, and newspaper articles.
In 2013, Marchetta was nominated for the prestigious Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award.