Growing up in the Western suburbs of Sydney, Geraldine Brooks established pen pals across the world (an experience that contributed to her memoir Foreign Correspondence). Following her secondary education in a Roman Catholic school Brooks graduated from the University of Sydney and then worked for the Sydney Morning Herald. After completing a Master's Degree in journalism at Columbia University, USA, in 1983, Brooks became a foreign correspondent for the Wall Street Journal reporting on events in the Middle East, Somalia and Bosnia.
Among her awards Brooks has received a Korn Ferry Award (1994), a Columbia University Distinguished Alumni Award (1993) and an Overseas Press Club award (1990). From 1996-1998 she was a Woodrow Wilson Fellow. In addition to her work with the Wall Street Journal, Brooks has contributed to several major USA publications including the New York Times, the Washington Post and Harper's Bazaar.
Brooks divides her time between homes in Sydney, Australia and Virginia, USA. Following a change in Australian law in 2002 Brooks took up dual Australian-USA citizenship.
On 30 May 2011 it was announced that Brooks would present the 52nd Boyer Lectures, entitled 'At Home in the World', in November 2011.
She is the sister of Darleen Bungey, who in 2020 released a biography about their father, American big-band singer Lawrence (or Lawrie) Brooks.