Chinese writer Wu Wenjian published Esi shiren (Starve the Poets) in 1994, and a work of selected poems in 2003. His early poems, including 'Ballad of a Bastard', centered on his illegitimacy. In 2008 he was living in Xi'an in Shaanxi province. Wu Wenjian published under the pseudonym Yi Sha. Yi Sha's poetry is translated by Australian poets Ouyang Yu and Simon Patton.