Jacob Rosenberg, the youngest sibling of a working class family, grew up in Lodz, Poland. Following the German occupation of Poland, Rosenberg and his family were confined to the Lodz ghetto. From there they were transported to Aushwitz, where the entire family, except for Jacob, died within a few days of arrival. After two months in Auschwitz he spent the remainder of the war in various other concentration camps. After the war, Rosenberg met and married Esther Laufer at a displaced persons' camp in Italy. They migrated to Australia in 1948 and settled in Melbourne, Victoria, where they continued to live.
Rosenberg's work as a writer reflected much of his experiences during the war. He wrote in Yiddish and English, and a number of his poems were translated into Hebrew and Russian. Rosenberg was a regular contributor to Yiddish journals in Australia and internationally, and he was a member of the Yiddish Writers' Club.