Geoffrey Dutton was born in 1922 at Kapunda, South Australia. He was educated at the University of Adelaide and Oxford University, and served in the RAAF during World War II. At the University of Adelaide he was associated with the Angry Penguins group and published some of his first poems in that magazine. After travelling in Europe in the early 1950s, Dutton lectured in English at the University of Adelaide between 1955-62. He was editor of a number of publications during the 1960s and served as editor for Penguin Books between 1961-65. Dutton's activity in many literary and cultural organisations earned him an Order of Australia in 1976.
Dutton's first publication in 1944 was a book of poetry, but he followed that with more poetry and a diverse range of writing, including novels, criticism, biographies, travel writing and art appreciation. Dutton's connection with the Angry Penguins group is reflected in the self-conciously modernist and experimental poetry of his early publications. But his later poetry contains reflective lyrics with a strong visual element. His poetry and fiction frequently explore the themes of friendship, love and the beauty of nature. Dutton's poetry has attracted a number of awards and he received the FAW Christopher Brennan Award in 1993.
Geoffrey Dutton married twice and had three children. In the early 1990s he was one of the first committee members of the Australian Republican Movement. He died in Canberra in 1998.