Sneja Gunew was born in West Germany of a German mother and a Bulgarian father. She arrived in Australia as a child in 1950, under the auspices of the International Refugee Organisation.
A speaker and reader of German, she obtained a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) degree from the University of Melbourne, a Master of Arts degree from Toronto, Canada, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Newcastle (New South Wales).
She taught in literature and women's studies at the universities of Newcastle and Melbourne, and at Deakin University (Geelong) from 1972. In 1993 she took up a position at the University of Victoria, Canada and in 1995 she became Professor of English and Women's Studies at the University of British Columbia, Canada.
Among her areas of focus were feminist studies and postcolonial studies. Developing from these interests was a critical engagement with non-Anglo-Celtic writers and their relative absence from the Australian literary canon. From the early 1980s, she published extensively on this topic, including edited collections of migrant and multicultural writing. Among the outcomes of her work was A Bibliography of Australian Multicultural Writers, which was later incorporated into AustLit as a foundational dataset.