Cirrus@Austlit

'Germans were among the first settlers in South Australia. The first group arrived at Port Adelaide in November 1838 and settled at Klemzig, near Adelaide. Many later moved to Hahndorf and Tanunda. They were Lutheran refugees from the kingdom of Prussia, which had recently forced the amalgamation of Lutheran and Calvinist churches. Apart from not being British, they were also among the first refugees to settle in Australia, although the legal category of refugee was not established until almost 90 years later. Germany and Britain had close relationships through the new Queen Victoria and her German husband Prince Albert. This made the newcomers acceptable in an otherwise English settlement, a benevolent situation which did not finally crumble into racist hostility until the war of 1914 to 1918.'  (Introduction)