'By the end of the nineteenth century, around one hundred Australian novels and travellers tales had been published in American editions, with the bulk of these, over three-quarters, appearing in the final two decades of the century. While this represents only a small fraction of the imported novels published in America in this period, as a proportion of all Australian novels to 1900 the numbers are significant. Indeed, a more generous count would raise the total above 150. Any accounting of course depends on prior decisions about what qualifies as an Australian book and who qualifies as an Australian author, an unavoidable issue for every phase of the history examined here but present in a particularly acute form for the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries where patterns of immigration, expatriation, and "imperial commuting" were the norm. Only a handful of the books that might be considered from this period are by Australian-born authors and only a handful more by long-term residents. Of the Australian-born, many became permanent or serial expatriates, while some of the most influential novels were written by visitors. ' (Introduction)