'As more work emerges on the writing and art of European, British and American women produced over the last three centuries in what was known as the 'East' and the 'Orient,' the complicated nature of 'Orientalism' is becoming increasingly clear. In this essay, I examine some writing and paintings of Hilda Rix Nicholas in two visits to Morocco made by the Australian artist and her sister Elsie Rix during 1912 and 1914. I argue that Rix Nicholas occupied a counter-Orientalist position n the point of view she expressed in not only her letters, drawings and pictures, but also crucially in a lecture she delivered to the Woman's Society of Painters in 1920 after she had returned to Australia.' (92)