'My contention in this paper is that the meaning of Australia encoded in the novel may be elicited more satisfactorily if our critical reading considers the variety of viewpoints from which Australia is perceived. Furthermore, these viewpoints add up to a distinctly recognizable theme if they are coordinated within one or two more general frames of reference. In my opinion, such frames of reference are provided by the "submerged" novel forms on which Voss is modelled' (170).